Long Weld Neck Flange (LWN) is an extended form of butt welded flange with a neck, whose neck height is significantly higher than that of ordinary butt welded flanges. The neck is usually designed in a straight cylindrical shape, and the height is adjusted according to the nominal diameter (DN): when DN ≤ 100, the neck height is 229mm, and when DN>100, it is 305mm. The thickness of the neck wall gradually transitions to the thickness of the pipe wall, effectively improving stress distribution, enhancing the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the flange, and suitable for working conditions with high pressure, high temperature, and frequent temperature fluctuations.
Standard specifications: mainly follow HG/T20615-2009 (China Chemical Industry Standard) and ASME B16.5 (American Standard), and some designs also comply with international standards such as ISO 7005-1.
Material selection: Common materials include carbon steel, stainless steel (such as 304/316L), alloy steel, and duplex steel (such as 2205), and special working conditions can use Hastelloy or titanium materials.
Production process: Adopting integral forging or die forging technology, combined with high-precision CNC lathe processing, to ensure the density and dimensional accuracy of the flange.
Application Fields
Long weld neck flanges are widely used in the following scenarios:
Energy and Chemical Industry: High pressure pipelines for petroleum refining, LNG storage and transportation systems, acid washing equipment circulation circuits.
Electricity and nuclear power: Ultra high voltage transmission steel pipe towers and cooling systems for nuclear power plants must meet the first level welding seam standard.
Ships and pharmaceuticals: seawater cooling system, sterile fluid delivery, surface polished to Ra ≤ 0.8 μ m to meet hygiene requirements.
General Industry: High temperature boilers, pressure vessels, and pipeline connections for repeated loads.
Production process and welding technology
Welding method:
Manual gas shielded welding (GTAW/SMAW): used for root welding of small-sized flanges or complex working conditions.
Automatic submerged arc welding (SAW): Suitable for double-sided penetration welding of large diameter flanges, without the need for root cleaning, with high efficiency and a weld qualification rate of 98%.
Groove design: Single sided V-shaped or U-shaped grooves are commonly used, with blunt edges ≥ 7mm and a gap of 0-1mm between the joints to ensure full penetration of the weld and prevent burning through.
Quality control: 100% radiographic testing (RT) and ultrasonic testing (UT), hydrostatic testing up to 1.5 times the working pressure, materials must provide EN 10204 3.1 certification.
Analysis of advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
High load-bearing capacity: The neck structure disperses stress, reduces leakage risk, and is suitable for high-pressure systems above PN16MPa.
Easy installation: on-site welding eliminates the process of weld seam inspection, especially suitable for modular equipment with limited space.
limitations:
High cost: The welding workload is large, the consumption of welding rods is high, and the processing cycle is long.
Weak fatigue resistance: Not recommended for pipelines with frequent bending or sudden temperature changes.
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